Quinone-Based Cathodes: Enhancing Magnesium-Ion Batteries with Efficient Synthetic Strategies
Description
As the demand for advanced energy storage solutions grows, the limitations of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) including resource scarcity, safety concerns, and electrochemical constraints highlight the need for alternative battery technologies. Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) offer a promising solution due to their abundance, high volumetric capacity, and improved safety. However, challenges such as slow ion diffusion and cathode-electrolyte incompatibility require the development of optimized cathode materials. This study explores quinone-based organic cathodes, focusing on pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (PTO), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with multi-electron redox activity and a high theoretical capacity (409 mAh g⁻¹). We introduce an efficient and cost-effective synthetic route for 1,3,6,8-tetrabromo- 4,5,9,10-pyrenetetraone (TBPT) and 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexabromo-4,5,9,10-pyrenetetraone (HBPT), intermediates for quinone-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in MIB cathodes. Unlike conventional routes using expensive and hazardous oxidants such as sodium periodate (NaIO₄) and ruthenium trichloride (RuCl₃·xH₂O), our method employs readily available reagents, improving cost-efficiency, accessibility, and scalability. By leveraging these optimized synthetic strategies, this work aims to enhance the electrochemical performance, cycle stability, and practical viability of magnesium-ion batteries, contributing to developing next-generation energy storage technologies.